Detail three differences of the colonies listed in the chapter 1 and 2 Assignment

Detail three differences of the colonies listed in the chapter 1 and 2 - Assignment Example They relied on ship-building due to the sturdy pines that existed there. Also their economy was largely supported by fishing. People increasingly clustered around the coastal regions and built farm lands for promoting agriculture. Their institution of extreme importance was their church which overlooked their morality – this colony was formed mainly for religious purposes (Remini 21). The Middle colony mainly relied on farming and commerce; agriculture thrived in this region because of the climatic conditions and several animals were used to provide fur for export. The fur was actually what the Dutch colonists had shown interest in initially. The fur was not only exported to Europe but also to Southern colonies and West Indies. The culture of this region was especially diverse due to the presence of Dutch, Germans and several other nations. Though some regions of this area were predominantly occupied for religious reasons, a larger portion of this area was colonized for exploiting the natural and material treasures of this land (Remini 21). The Southern colony largely relied on the cultivation of crops and agriculture, with enormous lands reserved for serving this purpose and an enormous workforce requirement. Initially, the workforce comprised largely of indentured servants, which were soon replaced by African slaves. Southern colonies were the first to recognize and institutionalize slavery. Vast social class differences were present in this colony between the natives and the colonists. On the whole, the population of this region was more homogenous than Middle and New England Colonies (Remini 22). Inspite of these differences, all three regions established governance structures based on whether the region was royal, corporate or proprietary. Continuous evolution, colonization and disregard for rules often brought the three colonies into clashes, which eventually

Julian Assange and his impact on the communication processes and Essay

Julian Assange and his impact on the communication processes and politics - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Julian Assange was known only as an â€Å"Australian moderator of the Legal Aspects of Computer Crime mailing list and a researcher who has written extensively about hackers† in the beginning of this century, that is, before he became a controversial celebrity who all know of. This is why calling Julian Assange, a â€Å"cypherpunk revolutionary†, Robert Manne has said, â€Å"Less than twenty years ago Julian Assange was sleeping rough. Even a year ago hardly anyone knew his name. Today he is one of the best-known and most-respected human beings on earth†. The seemingly sudden rise to the fame of this Australian individual has a socio-political context and a corresponding history. The way his actions have impacted the communication processes and the politics in the globalized world is a topic that has international implications. The geopolitics of his physical location to the ideological underpinnings of his intelle ctual landscape that he has extended to others through the internet represents a whole new world of possibilities- in communication, freedom, and democracy. Julian Assange has been a hacker since when the first generation of computer hackers started rewriting the laws of internet communication. In the book, Underground, written by Suelette Dreyfus, and for which Assange worked as a researcher, a hacker named Mendax was featured and this hacker really was none other than Assange himself. (Manne, 2011a, p.197). It was in 1988, that Assange became a hacker (Manne, 2011a, p.197). He formed a group called International Subversives along with two other hackers (Manne, 2011a, p.197). Dreyfus (2006-07) had described the politics of this group as â€Å"fiercely anti-establishment; their motive adventure and intellectual curiosity; their strict ethic not to profit by their hacking or to harm the computers they entered† (as cited in Manne, 2011a, p.197). Assange was a member of the free software movement, he participated in the creation of NetBSD, an open source computer operating system, and got involved with a movement called cypherpunks in 1993 (Manne, 2011a, p.203-204). The idea of WikiLeaks had been borne out of this movement (Manne, 2011a, p.203). Among the cypherpunk group of hackers to which he belonged, Assange was somewhat an exception to others (who were anarcho-capitalists) by keeping a left leaning though he is an â€Å"anti-communist† (Manne, 2011a, p.211). The basic philosophy of cypherpunks was again the issue whether: The state would strangle individual freedom and privacy through its capacity of electronic surveillance or whether autonomous individuals would eventually undermine and even destroy the state through their deployment of electronic weapons newly at hand (Manne, 2011a, p.204). It was rumored that a 1989 attack that was carried out â€Å"from Australia on the NASA computer system via the introduction of what was called the WANK worm in an attempt to sabotage the Jupiter launch of the Galileo rocket as part of an action of anti-nuclear activists† was the work of Assange (Manne, 2011a, p.197). A programme written by Assange was named sycophant and it allowed his hacking group to hack into the US military systems (Manne, 2011a, p.197). It was when his group hacked into the Canadian telecommunications corporation NORTEL, that his hacking was found out for the first time (Manne, 2011a, p.197). In the police action that followed, Assange was arrested in a totally devastated state of mind and admitted to a hospital (Manne, 2011a, p.198). Manne (2011a) has observed that this arrest and the time spent in jail was what shaped his politics (p.198). Suburbia Public Access Network was the next war front that Assange opened (Manne, 2011a, p.200). It was a convergi ng point for many email lists and activist groups (manne, 2011a, p.200

Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie

Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams is a short play that uses a large variety of symbolization throughout to describe the emotional, physical and social state of each of its characters. Laura is a very fragile young woman that lives in a lower class, shabby apartment with her older brother Tom, and her eccentric mother Amanda. Laura feels as though she is an outcast in contrast to the rest of the world. Among the many recurrent themes of this play the fragility is shown in a little unicorn that safely exists within a glass menagerie. There are other less prominent symbols such as the colors of a rainbow, blue roses, and the exit, and entrance to the apartment. Lauras glass menagerie is an important symbol. Laura does not want to be involved with the world outside this â€Å"dark, grim† apartment that she lives in with her mother, a â€Å"proud, vivacious woman, Amanda,† and her brother â€Å"Tom, an aspiring poet, and shoe warehouseman.† (ebscohost.com). She prefers the comfort of her â€Å"transparent glass animals† (478). Laura would rather spend time with her tiny glass horses and unicorn figurine, listening to her old records. She would prefer to do this all day rather than having any contact with other people. One of the clearest symbolic uses of the glass figurines happens at a point in the story when Laura and Jim are left by themselves. Laura makes the statement â€Å"You should always take good care of your glass.† (510) Again, we see the symbolism of the glass unicorn and the fragility of Laura. Laura is very shy and innocent, very much like the glass figurines she cleans throughout the day. All though it is very fragile, much like Laura herself, the glass shines and glistens, magnifying many colors of the rainbow in the light. The glass unicorn is obviously the most symbolic of Laura! Reading between the lines as Jim and Laura are talking, it is easy to see that the unicorn represents Lauras unusually different, delicate, and uncomfortablenss in the normal world. Jim makes the statement. â€Å"Poor little fellow, he must feel sort of lonesome†. It is obvious that Laura has felt lonesome most of her life, and Laura replies â€Å"the unicorn sits on a shelf with some normal horses that do not have any horns, and they all seem to get along nicely together.† (p512) During Jim and Lauras short romantic encounter, for a moment, Laura is feeling more confidence. Its as if she is beginning to feel a little normal like her horses. When Jim accidently knocks the glass unicorn to the floor, and breaks the horn off. â€Å"The unicorn has lost its horn. It doesnt really matter. It may be a blessing in disguise.† Laura states, and â€Å"I will just imagine that it has had some kind of operation.† And â€Å"with the horn removed he may feel less freakish! Now he might feel more like he is one of the horses, the ones without any horns†. (p513) For a moment Laura is happy and uplifted. She begins to smile and feel the tension of uniqueness lifting from her. Jim sees this and starts dancing around with her, and eventually kisses her. All of this gives us the slight impression that Laura may finally be escaping the illusive world in which she has lived for most of her life. Laura is for a moment, starting to feel more accepted, especially from Jim. For a moment she is feeling less conscious about her physical disabilities. She starts to open up just a little bit. Its not long after all of this that Jim tells Laura of his engagement to another woman. Laura is broken. She is broken inside, and no longer feels the same uniqueness that she once felt with the glass unicorn. She looks at Jim, and tells him to take the unicorn. Its as if she has let go of something inside. Past dream like memories of a love that she once had for Jim, have now been lost in the reality of Jims words. Laura has spent many years polishing, and taking care of her glass menagerie, and keeping her unicorn safe from the outside world. But, now it has been exposed, and in turn it has been broken, just as Laura has been broken. The dream of maybe, some day having love from a man, and being normal has now been replaced with a broken heart, and a withdrawn sadness. As the introverted and shy Laura is lost even further in to herself. We begin to see a glimpse of the symbolisms in the use of the rainbow and its colors. But it is less obvious than that of the glass unicorn. The rainbow signifies that there may be some hope in the future. Tom gives Laura a glimpse of hope, â€Å"Laura is overwhelmed with emotions when Tom pulls out the rainbow-colored scarf and tells the story of how a magician changed a bowl of little fish into canaries. Towards the end of the play, Tom reflects on Laura as he gazes at some broken colored glass, and imagines his shattered sister Laura and her broken spirit†.(ebscohost.com). Tom wishes in the symbolic sense that he could blow out the candles of his sisters despair. He also reflects on how Laura would spend hours polishing her glass animals, keeping them safe from the rest of the world. There is sad irony in Tennessee Williams play when you think about the symbolism of the rainbow. Although rainbows seem to be positive, bright, and hopeful signs that a new day is coming soon, there is usually much pain that must be endured before that time, if it ever comes. There is quite an array of symbolism that helps to form the character of Laura. Tennessee Williams uses the color of blue in Jims nickname for Laura. Like the rose, Laura is fragile, and like the color blue, she is shy, innocent, and very sad. Works Cited Fambrough, Preston. Williams The Glass Menagerie. Explicator 63.2 (Winter 2005): 100-102. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Northwestern State U, Watson Lib, Leesville, LA. 17 Mar. 2008 < http://search.ebscohost.com>. Reese, Jennifer. The Glass Menagerie. Entertainment Weekly (28 Apr. 2006): 143-143. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Northwestern State U, Watson Lib., Leesville, LA. 17 Mar. 2008 . Williams, Tennessee. â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† Literature for Composition: Writing Arguments about Essays, Fiction, Poetry, and Drama ed. by Sylvia Barnet, William Burto and William E. Cain†¦8th Ed New York. 2007: 499-519.

What Dogs Need :: Papers

What Dogs Need People and animals need the same things to be happy and healthy. Just like you, your dog needs food, water, shelter, grooming, health care, and love. Puppy eating.Below shows things, which help dogs to stay happy and healthy! Water For Your Dog ------------------ Your dog needs at least 2 dishes filled with fresh water everyday. One should be in the house and the other should be outside. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The water should always be kept clean, cool and fresh. If the water gets dirty or warm during the day, your dog would be very happy to get a cool refill. A dog in his doghouse.Did you know that your dog's water would freeze in the winter when it is very cold? It will also get too warm in hot, summer weather. If the water is too warm, it cannot cool your dog's body. Here are some special tips to help keep your dog safe and happy in hot and cold weather. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Shelter For Your Dog -------------------- People and animals need shelter from the harsh elements of weather. Wild animals go to their den or cave to escape the hot sun and cold rain. A shelter provides safety from other animals that might cause them harm. A shelter is a safe area to call home. A dog without a fenced yard or enclosed patio is a dog that is not safe. Dogs that are allowed to run loose will eventually become lost, stolen or hit by a car. This is not a safe situation for your dog and it is against the law. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- In many families, dogs do live outside. That's okay as long as they have shelter outside from the bad weather. A special doghouse is good; access to a garage is fine, as long as there are no dangers for the dog to find. A bed inside of the doghouse or garage would be as welcome as flowers in springtime. ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Spices

Spices can be defined as aromatic or acrid plant substances used to provide flavor, color and aroma to food (Mohamed, 2014). These spices are characterized by being rich in antioxidants and have some medicinal properties (Jeswal and Kumar, 2015; Kong et al., 2014). Spices are widely used throughout the world for many purposes, of which their used in food preparation and processing (Hashem and Alamri, 2010). Many of them are used as traditional medicines in many cases such as infections, wounds, sprains and nausea and some spices help to improve glucose of plasma by improving insulin sensitivity (Mohamed, 2014). Because of its medicinal properties, spices are used for pharmaceutical industries as raw materials (Toma and Abdullah, 2013).In addition, essential oils of spices or spices themselves have preservative action (Nielsen and Rios, 2000). Antimicrobial properties of some spices inhibit the fungal growth as reported for turmeric and sumac (Jeswal and Kumar, 2015; Toma and Abdullah, 2013), while essential oils and oleoresins of some spices shown to be high effectively against microbial growth. Essential oil of mustard is one of these oils, which includes the active component allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). Other spices such as cinnamon, garlic and clove considered as potential inhibitors (Nielsen and Rios, 2000). while other spices such as red chili and dry ginger considered as liable substance for growth of many fungi (Jeswal and Kumar, 2013). Although red chili is in the second rank as the largest used spice worldwide after black pepper, contamination of red chili samples by AFs and OTA were repeatedly reported by many studies and Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and A. fumigates are the fungi contaminants that are repeatedly detected in the flake or powder samples of red chili. In ginger derivatives and samples, the mycotoxins that have been detected are AFs and OTA. Contamination of spices can be occurred in the field, when the spices undergo drying process or during storage (Kabak and Dobson, 2017).

Philosophy as Metaphysics Essay

ABSTRACT: Philosophy works with special types of objects: the totalities. The basic characteristics of this type of object are their metaphysical, transcendental, and total character. The character of these objects determines the specificity of language and the methods of philosophy. The language of philosophy represents symbolic language; speculation is the basic method of philosophy. On the one hand, objects of this type emphasis homo sapien as essences capable of constructing such objects, which in turn assumes the ability of human consciousness to make synthetic acts. On the basis of philosophy as metaphysics, an original approach is offered which divides the history of philosophy into periods as well as providing analysis of different philosophical systems. Feature of philosophical activity, as against a science, is the work with special, not physical objects — the totalities, which are constituted by the philosopher. One of such objects is the world, and, in this sense, we often say, that philosophy is a wel-tanschauung (world-outlook) . Certainly, the world as some set of things can be studied by physics (sciences in a broad sense), but in this case a researcher can miss the point that the world is a totality, not just a simple set of things. As distinct from scientific study the philosophy takes its objects as the totalities, which the subject of knowledge cannot study as ordinary objects, because the including the learning subject character of these the totalities excludes any standard scientific approach to knowledge in principle. Others examples of the above mentioned objects (the totalities) are Ego and God. Objects of this type (with some reservations) are a lot of human being phenomena, such as love, virtue, conscience, courage, bravery, understanding and so on. All these objects are those, that the precise fixing of objective criteria of their existence is impossible, it is impossible to create the high-grade theory of these phenomena (for example, theory of love or bravery), as they assume not only objective Contemplator (as it occurs in case of objects of scientific knowledge), but also postulate the Actor inside them, that causes essentially twinkling way of them being. (2) Exactly the character of these objects determined essential features of the philosophizing as metaphysical activity. The underlining of metaphysical character of philosophy objects dictates the special procedures of work with them, distinct from of methods of scientific knowledge. Metaphysical objects — constructs cannot be given in frameworks of physical experience; the study — constructing of these objects occurs by a way of thinking means, procedures of speculation. That is why the one of the most typical mistakes in the researching of these objects is procedures of naturalization metaphysical objects, i. e. consideration of natural (physical) analogs of these objects. For example, instead of work with the world (the world as totality) we consider the world as some sets of physical, chemical, biological etc. objects, and instead of the analysis of phenomenon of consciousness proper as metaphysical object the natural analog of consciousness — brain or mentality of the particular human being, we examine. Specifying the status of these objects, it is possible to tell, that the subject of the philosophy activity are metaphysical-transcendental objects, i. e. objects having the boundary status of their existence. The boundary character of these objects allows to specify Kantian distinction sensible phenomena and transcendent things in itself. Moreover, metaphysical-transcendental objects are located on border of other known distinctions of classical philosophy. (3) They are, for example, not subjective and not objective, not conscious and not material. It is interesting in this respect appearance of the first proper philosophical category of being, which, in fact, was entered Parmenid`s as boundary metaphysical-transcendental object being-thinking (in this case, alongside with Parmenid`s postulating his first thesis, entering a category of being, presence of the second his thesis, establishing the coincidence of an entered category of being with another category — the category of thinking). In some sense, metaphysical-transcendental objects are Husserl`s phenomenal, from which as a result of procedures of objectivizing and (or) subjectivizing the subjects and objects can be received, i. e. is entered subjective-objective distinction of New time. On the other hand, the boundary character of these objects allows still to work with them ( I specially avoid the term to learn, as far as these procedures are applied only for work with usual objects). Above this mode of working with them was named as speculation, which, as a result, the construction of these objects to occur by a way of thinking means. The creation such thinking construct is caused by that the person aspires to understand mode of functioning of the totalities, which surround him. And just this phenomenon of surprise before presence of such totalities is a beginning and basic nerve of philosophy. In this sense, philosophizing is possible only as an act of work of the beings, capable to postulate these totalities, due to synthetic acts (Kant), as being, perceiving the environmental world not in itself, but by means of symbolical function (Cassirer), through a prism of the transformed forms (Marx, Mamardaschvili). Another important characteristic of metaphysical objects is their total-making nature. It means, that the purpose of designing such objects is the attempt of understanding of some phenomenon of totality (for example, the world as whole, totality) in light of a question how (why) this phenomenon is possible?. The answer to this question assumes revealing mechanism of existence of this phenomenon. That is why it is important for the philosopher not to know some common aspect, that is allowed at a level of the primary, superficial description of it and other similar objects, but to know general (total) principle of functioning of objects of this type. For example, if a row of the plane polygons is given to us, a triangle(4) will act as general principle of this variety, because all others plane polygons can be given with the help of a triangle. Thus, philosophical constructs act as transcendental condition of seeing of other physical objects. That the phenomenon of seeing of a house was possible as some totality, it is necessary to postulate a row of transcendental conditions of this phenomenon, among them we can allocate necessity being of the house (Parmenid), recognition (and taking shape) this being by means of idea of home (Plato), fixing the house as an object of perception by some subject (Decartes) within spatial-temporary a priory forms of sensuality (Kant). On the other hand, a row of such philosophical constructs define a horizon, a way of seeing of subjects (Wittgenstein), associated with a certain epoch. For example, the mentioned above transcendental conditions of a phenomenon of seeing of a house define a way of seeing of subjects within the framework of classical philosophy. In this sense these constructs act as total-necessary cultural machines, that set the cultural way of living activity of the person and made imperceptible but essential background of his existence. For example, when a modern man looks at star sky, he sees not simply separate stars, but constellations — and it is impossible to explain to a person from other culture (and the more so, being, which is not having ability to the synthetic acts). Moreover, developing this example with constructing of constellations, it is possible to tell, that exactly it has made possible occurrence of such activity as an astrology. The above mentioned metaphysical character of philosophy objects causes the specification of the language and methods philosophizing. The language of philosophy has not signal, but symbolical character. Let’s stop on it hardly more in detail. Already science differs from the common sense description, because it uses some abstraction, ideal elements, which, in a common case, it is impossible to compare any certain objects of the physical validity. For example, as D. Gilbert says, in mathematics, those are language fictions, and one of the main problems of a substantiation of mathematics is either an exception these fictions, or imposing some certain restrictions — all that prevent the appearance of negative consequences, while using language fictions. Any language works with signs, besides that, any theory deals with mentioned language fictions (=  «symbols »), i. e. such kinds of signs, with which nothing corresponds in sensible reality. For example, in physics has concepts a material point, an absolutely black body, etc. They are often called as abstract — ideal objects, which turn out by a way of abstraction (idealization) from any properties of real physical objects. But in physics there are and more fictitious objects: cwarcks, for example, which not only is evident not imagine, but also until last time have acted only as theoretical constructs essentially of unobservable nature. In this case we can postulate a metaphysical mode of existence for these objects. It is important to emphasize, that these metaphysical objects do not exist in the same sense, as it is for the particular objects of a physical reality, such as table, chair,etc. The majority of the philosophy terms, its categorical apparatus have such symbolical character. It is impossible to give any referents of philosophical categories inside a physical reality. We can take as an example of such philosophical categories as being, consciousness etc. , for which we can somehow find certain physical analogues (for example, for a philosophical category  «being  » such analogue is the category  «substance » or matter). But there are more humanitarian objects connected with some features of a human being way, for which in general there are no analogues in a nature. These are, for example, concepts virtue, conscience, love, debt, bravery†¦ This specification of the philosophy language, which symbols indicate an existence of a special metaphysical dimension of a reality could be expressed by Kantian exclamation â€Å"Excuse me, but it is not, what I speak about (mean)! † in reply to German poet Schiller`s misunderstanding his categorical imperative. The metaphysical character of the categorical philosophical apparatus predetermines also specification of philosophical reasoning. The postulated non-sense character of perception of objects of the filosophizing assumes the special procedures of work, which were above characterized as a procedure of speculation. The main difficulty thus — is absence of a support on sensible analogy, which often helps us in daily life. The structure a reasoning about pure being (or conscience) is principle different from the reasoning about a tree, or a sex, or other objects of the physical world. Danger, which here waits us — influence of our vital experience, influence sensible hooks, which can destroy the ability for the reflex and philosophical analysis. To explain the idea about involuntary influence ours sensible apparatus, M. Mamardaschvili in the lectures about M. Proust, used as an example biblical commandment when they beat you on the one cheek — put another one as a vivid example of inhibition (Husserl`s  «phenomenological reduction ») of a standard human reaction (reflex), imposed to us by sense-figurative thinking (if somebody hearts you — reply with the same). Moreover, it is possible, that some other logic operates in area of speculative objects, distinct from usual, earthly logic. In particular, according to opinion of the Russian philosopher and the logic N. A. Vasiljev, validity of the logic law of excluded third, has purely earthly an origin and it is connected with primacy, after Aristotle, of individual existing things. (5) If we, following Plato, consider classes of subjects as primary (for instance, subject a class of tables), the law of excluded third will be incorrect, as the table as one of set of subjects of a class of tables can be simultaneously both white and non-white (in instance, green). Of course, here it is necessary to realize, that the opposite properties are attributed to the different individuals of primary â€Å"subject† — different things of the same class). The transfer of the point of view from single objects to classes of objects has allowed N. Vasiljev to formulate imagined logic with the law of excluded fourth. This logic in anything does not concede on its parameters to our habitual logic with the law of excluded third, but expands opportunities of our thinking. Within the framework of this logic the paradoxical coincidence between maximum and minimum, revealed Nikolaj from Kuza, does not cause surprise. The only acceptable procedure for understanding of philosophical categories within of some philosophical framework is the correlation of the different speculative (metaphysics) objects with the help of a method language game.

Adding a Date or Time Stamp to an Access 2010 Table

Adding a Date or Time Stamp to an Access 2010 Table There are many applications where you may wish to add a date/time stamp to each record, identifying the time that the record was added to the database. It’s easy to do this in Microsoft Access using the Now() function, in fact, it shouldnt take more than 5 minutes. In this tutorial, I explain the process step-by-step.  Note: These instructions are for Microsoft Access 2010. If you are using an earlier version of Access, please see Adding a Date or Time to an Access Database. Adding a Date or Time Stamp Open the Microsoft Access database containing the table to which you wish to add a date or time stamp.In the left window pane, double-click on the table where you would like to add a date or time stamp.Switch the table into design view by selecting Design View from the View drop-down menu in the upper left corner of the Office Ribbon.Click on the cell in the Field Name column of the first blank row of your table. Type a name for the column (such as â€Å"Record Added Date†) in that cell.Click the arrow next to the word Text in the Data Type column of the same row and choose Date/Time from the drop-down menu.In the Field Properties window pane at the bottom of the screen, type â€Å"Now()† (without the quotes) into the Default Value box.Also in the Field Properties pane, click the arrow in the cell corresponding to the Show Date Picker property and select Never from the drop-down menu.Save your database by pressing the disk icon in the upper left corner of the Access win dow.Verify that the new field works properly by creating a new record. Access should automatically add a timestamp to the Record Added Date field. Tips: The Now() function adds the current date and time to the field. Alternatively, you may use the Date() function to add the date without the time.

How Do I Apply to College With a Low GPA

How Do I Apply to College With a Low GPA SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you worried that your college plans will be derailed by an underwhelming GPA? Don't be discouraged and don't give up on your dream of college! You can still go to a great school, even if you have a low GPA. Whether you are just startinghigh school or already at the application stage, read on to see the many things you can do to either raise your GPA,boost the rest of your application, explain your circumstances,or even find an alternate route to a degree. What Is Considered a Low GPA? Is Your GPA Actually Low? A low GPA may be a little bit like beauty - in the eye of the beholder. You might feel that your GPA is low because itfalls below the average at your target school. Or maybe your grades really aren't so hot. Generally speaking, highly selective colleges consider 3.5 to be on the low end. At most other schools, low GPA scores are in the 2.0 range. To find out whether your GPA could weight down the rest of your application, first research what the average acceptance GPA is at each of your target schools. To do this, try searching forâ€Å"[college name] admission GPA† or â€Å"[college name] average GPA.† Is your GPA only slightly below (.1 or .2 points less) the averages you found? Then excellent test scores and a solidapplication will go a long way to make up for it! Is your GPA much lower than the averages you found? The read on for our advice on what to do about it. Get that GPA up! Higher... higher... Can YouRaise Your GPA? If you're not happy with your GPA, the good news is that there's almost always time to raise it before you send off your college applications. Your strategy will depend on which grade you're currently in. Grades 9 and 10 If you're a freshman or sophomore, great news! You still have timeto getyour GPA up through dedicated studying. For example, imagine Haileyendsfreshman year with a GPA of 2.5 (a B-/C+ average). Ifshe then really puts her shoulder to the wheel and gets straight A-'s in 10th grade, her GPA would go up to 3.1. If she continues the hard work and earns more A-'s junior year, she'll be looking at a 3.3 GPA! With that in mind, ask yourself what is holding your GPA back: Are you struggling in a particular subject?Think about getting a tutor to help you catch up, or ask your teacher for extra help outsideof class. Are you so overwhelmed with extracurricular demands that you don't have enough time to study?If you aren't doing this outside interest at a very high level, think about pulling back a bit to give yourself room to do to schoolwork. Are you bored by your classes?This sounds counterintuitive, butthink about whether a harder level class will spur extra interest - and extra effort on your part. Grades and 12 If you are already in the second half of high school, you probably won't be able to significantly raise your GPA. For example, picture Sven, who ended his junior year with a cumulative GPA of 2.5. Because college applications are due in the middle of senior year, he only has one semester to bring up his grades. Even if he manages to get straight A's during that semester, his GPA will still only be 2.7 - not a huge improvement. But that doesn't mean that you shouldn't try to do your best anyway: Are you doing better and better? Even if your grades are low, if you can show collegesthat your GPA is on an upward trend, you will demonstrate that you have untapped potential. Are you taking difficult, honors-level classes? Ask your guidance counselor whether your school can provide colleges with a weighted GPA that will give colleges a sense of your challenging course load. Do you have the resources to take an extra year?Many private boarding schools offer a postgraduate year (basically a 5th year of high school). Classes that you take during this year factor into your GPA, giving you time to raise it. To find theseschools, search for "boarding schools with PG year." College applications put together the pieces to solve the puzzle of you. Can YouBoost Your Application in Other Ways? Did you know that although the GPA is very important, it is only one part of the many different things admissions officers take into account? Focusing on these other pieces of the application is a key strategy for offsetting alow GPA. Boost 1: Raise Your Test Scores If your GPA showshow you compare to the rest of your classmates, then SAT or ACT scores show how you rank compared to students across the whole country. It's no wonder they are another key component of your college application - and that having high test scores greatly improves your application! For example, imagineStella, who would love to go to the University of Georgia. Unfortunately, hernot-so-great work habits resulted in aGPA of 3.3, which is below UGA's average. Using our admissions calculator, we can see that If she alsogets 1290on her SAT's, she has only a 17% chance of getting into UGA. But, if she busts her derriere over 3-4 monthsto get a 1450, her chances of getting in go up to almost 50! Tosee how your chances to get into the University of Georgia would change if you GPA stayed the same but your SAT scores goes up, check out our UGA admissions calculator. To find our admissions tools for other schools, just Google "[name of school] admissions prepscholar" (for example, "UCLA admissions prepscholar"). Boost 2: Hype Your Non-Academic Skills and Talents It makes no sense to judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree - so admissions officers don't judge applicants only on their academics. If they did, they would miss applicants who have other amazing qualities. Do You Already Do Remarkable Extracurricular Things? Do you play sports at a very high level? Are you deeplyinvolved in theater, music, or the visual arts? Do you hold an unusually important leadership position in any clubs or organizations? Do you spend your free time building impressive things like robots, buildings, or vehicles? Are you an entrepreneur who has started a business or two? If you have skills and talents that don't show up on your transcript, make sure your application makes a big deal out of theseother accomplishments.Colleges will be impressed and can even infer that spending so much time on your other talents may have caused your grades to fall a bit. Can You Start Doing Remarkable Extracurricular Things? If you're a junior or have the summer before senior year, it's not too late to improve your extracurricular depth. Figure out what you're interested in and good at, and try to take it to the next level. Read our guide to getting into the top schools in the country for more examples of how to do this. Anotherway to show off your non-academic talents is to take a gap year between high school and college. However, this only makes sense if you have an opportunity for really meaningful travel, an internship, or a job that will make you a more appealing applicant. So, taking a year off to surf is probably not the best idea. But, taking a year off to teach English to kids in Ecuador or to participate in AmeriCorps could be just what your application - and your sense of personal achievement and maturity - needs. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Boost 3: Amaze With Your Essay The third key element of your college application is the essay. Imagine it: a space reserved just for your voice, where you get to define yourself and what is important to you! Just how important is the essay? Dean Fred Hargadon, who was the head of admissions at Princeton when I went there, could remember off the top of his head what each admitted student's essay was about! To set your application apart, consider writing about: How excited you are about studying X The talents, strengths, or challenges that aren't in your transcript If you need help getting started, check out our step-by-step guide to writing an outstanding college essay. Sometimes complicated situations have simple explanations. Can You Explain Your Low GPA? Sometimes your GPA is low because of circumstances outside your control. If this is the case you can use the rest of your application to explain and give context. Was There a Crisis in Your Home? When you or your family undergoes a period of personal, financial, or health-related upheaval, it's perfectly understandable that your grades could slip. For example, in 10th grade I became verydepressed when my parents got divorced, and my grades that year were B’s and C’s. Junior year, I brought my grades up, got excellent test scores, and wrote an essay explaining how hard it was to suddenly have to live alonefor weeks on end while my mom traveled for her job. My high school counselor also explained the situation, and I ended up going toPrinceton. Colleges are happy to take these kinds of events into consideration, so let them know the difficulty you overcame or are still facing: First, write an excellent essay explaining what happened Then, make sure your recommendation letter writersalso mention these extenuating circumstances Did You Attend a Failing or Underperforming School? Unfortunately, not all high schools can provide a great education. If you went to a school that did not have enough resources, look into programs that cater specifically to students whose circumstances have not allowed their potential to develop. Two examples are: TheNorthern Illinois University Deacon Davis CHANCE Program TheUniversity of Minnesota’s TRIO Program They will all get you there eventually. Is There Another Way to Get a College Degree? If boosting your GPA, raising your test scores, or highlighting your extracurriculars all seem out of reach, you can pursue alternative paths to get a college degree. Split Up Your College Experience One option is to transfer from a lower tier college to a higher tier one after one or two years.If you would rather not figure out the logistics of this yourself, consider starting with a community college. Some state universities now offer "2+2" Programs, affiliating themselves with community colleges so that students can earn an associate degree and then get guaranteed admission to the state university. The advantage of these programs is that you will have advisers keeping you on the right track for your major and course of study. One example isthe 2 Plus 2 Plan at the University of Iowa. To find others, search for "[your state university name] 2+2 program." Four-Year College Options There are many schools that will accept students with a very low GPA, and even some that will accept anyone who applies. For example, check out this list of the easiest colleges to get into. What's Next? Ready to raise your SAT or ACT scores? Start with PrepScholar’s best SAT advice and best ACT advice. Got high your SAT/ACT scores, but still struggling with a lagging GPA? Learn what to do about it here. Need to get a handle on the college application process? This infographic lays it all out for you. Excited to build a dynamic college application? Here is advice onhow to make yourself sound competitive anywhere. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Free sample - Pope Benedict XVI- Jesus of Nazareth. translation missing

Pope Benedict XVI- Jesus of Nazareth. Pope Benedict XVI- Jesus of NazarethI found the book by Pope Benedict XVI an excellent historical depiction of Jesus not portrayed by modern culture, but one of the true historical perspectives according to the Early Church and resources of the Catholic Church. There is no the most commonly used plot as Jesus ’life. This is the first book about Jesus Christ ever written by a Roman Catholic Pontiff. But this book is unique, because the author is Pope himself and Pope assumes the position of an ordinary believer. The book of Pope Benedict XVI † Jesus of Nazareth† is not a learned scholar of religion, not history or research methodology, but personal experience in understanding of Jesus. The author is level with his interlocutor- all the people, he addressed to. Both humility and courage you can find out in this golden deed. The author highlighted the main problem Christianity faces nowadays. The dramatic reality of our times is the fact that, for the first time in tw o thousand years, the majority of the people could lose their perception of the only thing that always inspired them the Personality of Christ. In my opinion there is an urgent need for books like that by Benedict XVI to make sure that it will not happen. His aim is to save the personality of Jesus from ‘popular’ depictions and to restore Jesus’ gospel identity. Pope shows the readers a rich, flesh-and-blood incarnation of Christ. One of the characteristics of Jesus’ portrait is Love, which fills all the pages and leads the author. As for the author himself, he is shown as a usual believer, trying to express his own thoughts and opinions. He writes, that â€Å"Everyone is free, then to contradict me. I would only ask my readers for that initial willingness to sympathize, without which there can be no understanding.† (Foreword, XXIV) We read in ‘Jesus of Nazareth’, that â€Å"the great question that will be with us throughout this entir e book: But what has Jesus really brought, then, if he has not brought world peace, universal prosperity, and a better world? What has he brought? The answer is very simple: God. He has brought God! He has brought the God who once gradually unveiled his countenance first to Abraham, then to Moses and the prophets, and then in the wisdom literature- the God who showed his face only in Israel, even though he was also honored among the pagans in various shadowy guises. It is this God, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, the true God, whom he has brought to the peoples of the earth. He has brought God, and now we know his face, now we can call upon him. Now we know the path that we human beings have to take in this world. Jesus has brought God and with God the truth about where we are going and where we come from: faith, hope, and love.† Pope is well-known by his sharp criticism of capitalization of modern society, spiritual enslavement of developing countries. He doesnâ⠂¬â„¢t hide his position in the book. Considering the faith in the modern world, Joseph Ratzinger tells what it means to be a witness of Christ nowadays. In the terms of indifferent and even hostile world it is becoming a personal risk. The world has greatly changed. Seeking for well-to-do lifestyle, in many cases people forget about soul and faith. This point is best stated by Pope Benedict XVI. â€Å"The aid offered by the West to developing countries has been purely technically and materially based and not only has left God out of the picture, but has driven Men away from God. And this aid claiming to know better is itself what first turned the "third world into what we mean today by that term. It has thrust aside indigenous religions, ethical and social structures and filled the resulting vacuum with a technocratic mind-set. The idea we could turn stones into bread; instead our aid has only given stones in its place.† (‘Jesus of Nazareth’, p.33) I was greatly impressed the fact, that the author depicts Jesus as someone alive, who is known well to everybody. That’s true, because Christianity is ‘meeting’ with God in the person of human, with God, who is everyone’s intimate friend. Love to Christ is above all. That’s why Pope Benedict XVI decided to tell his own words about Christ and his words were heard. Having read the book, I was greatly interested in the personality of Pope Benedict XVI. He is not a dull theologian, but a thinking and decisive person, who has strong views on life. Especially I liked his manner of speaking about habitual things, uncovering their core.

Group work--------read the case study and do the paper as requirement Essay

Group work--------read the case study and do the paper as requirement - Essay Example However, TNNB seems to have a problem in its workforce and urgently needs talent development strategies if it is to ensure sustainable business with a promising future. This report explores how talent management strategy would help TNNB. It also assesses the most appropriate talent management strategy and proposes suitable short-term and long-term talent management policies and practices for the company. How A Talent Management (TM) Strategy Would Help TNNB TNNB clearly has a big problem with talent management. The company’s project managers emerge as incompetent for their roles as asserted by the company’s systems engineer. There is tension between systems engineers and mechanical and service engineers, which is likely to affect the overall performance of the company. Most of the engineers at the company have been working for the company for many years with some of them nearing their retirement. The managers of the company feel that engineers are hard to find, which cl early indicate that the company lacks strategic recruitment, hiring and retention programme. Therefore, TNNB’s future lies on its ability to adopt a suitable talent strategy to curb the on-going talent deficit in the company. Talent management is a management buzzword associated with continuous inflow of employees with desired qualities into an organisation. Talent management can be defined as a process that ensures that an organisation has a regular supply of individual with high potentials for vacant positions and acquires the right persons for the right jobs whenever there is need. Davis (2007) argues that â€Å"talent management is the recruitment, development, and retention of individuals who consistently deliver superior performance† (Davis 2007 p.1). However, Hatum (2010) notes that no universal definition of talent management exists. Strategic talent management as a process ensures that an organisation hires the right people for the right jobs and in a timely m anner so that the objectives of the firm can be met as expected (Deb 2005). Strategic talent management enables companies to assess and understand their present state, project talent gaps and take the initiatives to fill these talent gaps. The human resource of every organisation is charged with the responsibility of developing effective talent management strategy (Vaiman & Vance 2008). The success of an organisation depends on the effectiveness of the human resource department in recruiting high-performing staff developing and retaining them (Oakes & Galagan 2011; Silser & Dowell 2010). Generally, a talent management strategy would help TNNB to: Identify talent gaps within the organisation and take early precautions Align human capital needs with the strategy of the business Focus its training, development and recruitment efforts Ensure that the company achieves a balanced blend of generations in the workplace Ensure that knowledge is effectively transferred across various generati ons that make up the workforce Keep low the possibilities of disruptions in the production process as a result of impulsive departures of employees. To plan and organise its workforce and Maximise the contribution of each employee. Effective implementation of talent management strategy will result into significant reduction in cost associated with recruiting incompetent personnel, risk minimisation and attaining higher level of organisational performance

Compare and contrast Karl Marx's and Max Weber's ideas about Essay

Compare and contrast Karl Marx's and Max Weber's ideas about capitalism. Which points does Weber against to Marx - Essay Example Class divisions persevere as a vital structural characteristic of modern human culture, influencing an individual’s life chances. The study of capitalism by both Marx and Weber related directly to its affect on society. Their works have been viewed by many as the basis by which the structure of society within a capitalist system is best comprehended and have become the subject of much sociological debate. Marxism theorizes that as capitalism persists, it exacerbates the misery level for working class individuals. The level of working class misery is termed only in relation to the distance between them and the capitalist classes and not meant to imply all persons of labour are necessarily unhappy. â€Å"†¦ although the enjoyments of the worker have risen, the social satisfaction that they give has fallen in comparison with the increased enjoyments of the capitalist. Our desires and pleasures spring from society; we measure them, therefore, by society and not by the objects which serve for their satisfaction† (Marx & Engels, 1968). The central concepts of Marxist economics include the theory of labour value, the disposition of production and the inevitable conflicts between the classes. Conflicts will always persist because the upper class can never totally control the lower classes. Lesser concepts include the idea of increased misery, the obsession with possessions and the consequences of economic alienation. Marx’s theories of labour value combined with his concepts of capitalism endeavour to clarify how the revenue system operates to the benefit of the upper classes and the detriment of the lower classes. Marx defines wealth as something produced by labour from resources originating in the natural world. In terms of capitalism, wealth becomes a vast accrual of possessions. Commodities are articles of wealth created solely as a means to exchange other objects so as to enhance wealth. The instruments of production such as factories,

Who Is Responsible for Current Financial Crisis Essay

Who Is Responsible for Current Financial Crisis - Essay Example Many theories have been discussed concerning the causes of this financial crisis, moreover, why its impact has been so large for it to affect negatively people from diverse backgrounds. Although many of these theories sound logical, none of them even attempts to capture the real reasons why this crisis happened. In this matter, it is our opinion that this financial crisis has come about due to weak policies from the government as well as the greed of corporations in their bid to make more money. In this paper, we set out to prove our stand by discussing in detail the governmental and corporate causes of the crisis. Government policies on handling financial institutions had a direct hand in the financial crisis happening. This is mainly because the government failed to regulate adequately the activities of banks and instead gave them a free hand in conducting their activities, even though these activities proved to be harmful to the economy. Furthermore, during the Bush administration , there was a strong bid by Republicans in Congress to force banks to lower their lending rates so that most people could have their own homes by taking more affordable mortgages (Holtzman 95). This had a direct hand in triggering the current crisis because many of these people ended up not being able to pay their mortgages and this led to a lack of liquidity, which created a panic. Enterprises such as Freddie Mac, which are government-sponsored, were encouraged to buy securities, which were backed by mortgages, and some of these happened to be very risky ventures (Wallison). The government also helped to trigger the financial crisis when it misinterpreted the looming crisis as one, which was concerned with liquidity. To solve this problem, it responded by giving out a lot of money to people so that they could have more money to spend and in the process make the economy start to move again. However, things did not happen as predicted and instead, many people who got the money chose to save it instead of spending it. This government solution now became a problem because nothing happened as it had been expected to work. The financial crisis was something that could have been avoided and its occurrence was caused on a large part by the corporate greed, which aimed at gaining more profits through the taking of risks, which were dangerous (Chan). The ineptitude of the regulators of the financial sector to stop these tendencies by banks to take risks further made the situation worse and this almost led to a near collapse of the financial system. Those who were supposed to regulate the financial institutions lacked the morality to oversee and take action against those institutions that they were supposed to be in charge of supervising. These regulators, as well as the politicians who were allied to them, chose to ignore the regulations and instead let the financial institutions do whatever they wanted to do (Sanchez 521). Those who headed the very large financial ins titutions practiced things that were illegal in their line of work and all this brought about the financial crisis because their attempts to make profits illegally came to fall apart.  

Pilot shortage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pilot shortage - Research Paper Example The United States needs to make major changes in the airline industry and pilot certification programs now, to protect the industry from the devastating effects of this shortage, and to ensure the continued stability of airline travel both nationally, and internationally for years to come. A pilot, also known as an aviator, is the person in control of an aircraft during flight. In terms of the safety of the flight, pilots are the most vital single component, because they are responsible for the aircraft during travel. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) commercial aircraft are required to have two pilots in the cockpit during Air Carrier operations, and to ensure there is someone who can take control during an emergency. For the last decades, the shortage of people entering the field of aviation has been growing, creating a notable shortage of pilots. There are a number of reasons that there are not enough pilots to currently meet America’s need for air travel including: increased rate of pilot retirement, decreased qualified individuals entering the field of aviation, increased restrictions and requirements, and increased demand for air travel services. As a result, the pilot shortage has been a growing problem in United States aviation industry, and if not solved carefully, it is a deficit that could lead to many serious problems. However, with efforts from all parts of aviation industry, pilot shortage is not a no-solution problem. A pilot shortage is the inadequacy or insufficiency of people qualified to actively and directly operate the â€Å"directional flight controls of an aircraft while it is in flight† (Wikipedia, 2015). Culturally, it refers to a situation where America currently, or any country, has very few aviators currently employed, creating a situation where there are not enough

A Biography of Nikola Tesla Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Biography of Nikola Tesla - Research Paper Example Tesla is famously known for his contributions in electrical engineering as well as mechanical engineering. His journey to engineering school was prompted by his father’s promise when he (Tesla) was sick that should he recover, he would do so. That was a time when there was forceful conscription in the army. Through difficulties, Tesla fought hard to ensure that he had a decent education. He missed studying some critical subjects so that he found himself in a Telecom company before eventually moving into the US.2 While in the United States, Tesla’s fortunes opened. While at school and technical school, he had demonstrated commitment in all his endeavors. Edison Company was the first place he began what one may call a practical career. His first major achievement was at Edison where he managed to improve the existing model of a direct current generator. However, due to the company failing to honor its part in the gentleman’s agreement, Tesla quit job at Edison, As he struggled to move forward, Tesla secured funds from two other friends and experimented with alternating current (AC). He used the concept of AC to develop an improved version of induction motor that required no commutator to work as it would auto-start. It was then that George Westinghouse sought his expertise. For the first time in his life, Tesla was able to earn a decent salary and live a decent life.3 His later innovations include the improvement of the existing version of X-Ray, which he believed worked on a principle that exposed the skin to dangerous radiation. However, his idea of X-Ray had some weaknesses, which were later discovered in the modern time. Besides, Tesla also had some patent wars with his early radio waves innovations. He had demonstrated the possibility of a wireless transmission, only to lose similar patents to Guglielmo Marconi. It was the US Supreme Court that later

'Petroglyph Park' by Jaune Quick-to-See Smith and 'The large Blue Term Paper

'Petroglyph Park' by Jaune Quick-to-See Smith and 'The large Blue Horses' byFranz Marc - Term Paper Example Franz, was a very sensitive painter who was well known for expressing his feelings and emotions through his pieces of art. He loved painting animals, especially horses because he felt that animals are innocent creatures and are much closer to God than human beings. Both artists, Juane and Franz had their own unique and peculiar style of painting but yet shared some commonality between them – such as abstract figures and the use of rich colors. Juane’s paintings are well known as â€Å"inhabited landscapes† while she makes use of modernist color and unique techniques created from her vocabulary of art work which includes oil painting as well as works on paper. The Petroglyph Park was started by Juane about five years later when she completed her MA in art in 1980, from the University of New Mexico and it is this series of paintings that established her artistic voice in the lineage of landscape painting in America. In her modern abstraction of the Petroglyph Park, she makes use of a unique compositional style with brilliant colors and gestural layers of paint. ‘The Large Blue Horses’ by Franz Marc is an expression of his feelings towards animals in general. His type of painting belongs to the category of ‘Expressionists’ as it depicts the sensitive feelings and emotions of the artist.

A Biography of Nikola Tesla Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Biography of Nikola Tesla - Research Paper Example Tesla is famously known for his contributions in electrical engineering as well as mechanical engineering. His journey to engineering school was prompted by his father’s promise when he (Tesla) was sick that should he recover, he would do so. That was a time when there was forceful conscription in the army. Through difficulties, Tesla fought hard to ensure that he had a decent education. He missed studying some critical subjects so that he found himself in a Telecom company before eventually moving into the US.2 While in the United States, Tesla’s fortunes opened. While at school and technical school, he had demonstrated commitment in all his endeavors. Edison Company was the first place he began what one may call a practical career. His first major achievement was at Edison where he managed to improve the existing model of a direct current generator. However, due to the company failing to honor its part in the gentleman’s agreement, Tesla quit job at Edison, As he struggled to move forward, Tesla secured funds from two other friends and experimented with alternating current (AC). He used the concept of AC to develop an improved version of induction motor that required no commutator to work as it would auto-start. It was then that George Westinghouse sought his expertise. For the first time in his life, Tesla was able to earn a decent salary and live a decent life.3 His later innovations include the improvement of the existing version of X-Ray, which he believed worked on a principle that exposed the skin to dangerous radiation. However, his idea of X-Ray had some weaknesses, which were later discovered in the modern time. Besides, Tesla also had some patent wars with his early radio waves innovations. He had demonstrated the possibility of a wireless transmission, only to lose similar patents to Guglielmo Marconi. It was the US Supreme Court that later

Arthur Schopenhauer Essay Example for Free

Arthur Schopenhauer Essay Arthur Schopenhauer is a German philosopher who was born on February 22nd, 1788 and died on September 21st, 1860. He was born in the city of Danzig but later moved to the city of Hamburg where he became interested in studying metaphysics, ethics and psychology. Schopenhauer is known as the philosopher of Pessimism because he created a theory that challenged the value of existence. Schopenhauer’s main focus was on individual motivation ‘the will’ and how human desires cause pain and suffering. He wrote a book on the will called The World as Will and Representation. This book was a collaboration of Kant’s idea of idealism with his own theory on that the will is the thing-in-itself. Schopenhauer was greatly influenced by thinkers like Kant and Plato. He as well influenced thinkers like Sigmund Freud, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Friedrich Nietzsche. Summary of Ideas: The ‘Will†: Schopenhauer believed that humans were only motivated by their basic desires. He believed that human desires only cause suffering and pain. As well he believed that human desires are illogical and directionless. He believed that the will controls all aspects of human life. Schopenhauer’s ideas on the will are similar to the ideas of Buddhism and the four noble truths. He believed that free will exists but humans are not able to achieve it because everything is determined by how the body reacts to a situation. He stated that Man can indeed do what he wants, but he cannot will what he wants. †(On the Freedom of the Will) Ethics: The basics of Schopenhauer ethics is about compassion. He believes compassion can’t be taught but only learned by experience. Compassion is the knowledge of seeing someone suffer equally to a suffering they have faced in their life and being able to relate and have sympathy for them. Schopenhauer distinguishes a good person not from the nature of their actions but the level of compassion they have for them. He believes that the difference between a good person and a normal person is distinguished by when seeing someone suffer the good person will sacrifice his own well-being for the other person. Therefore he takes on all their troubles. Schopenhauer believes this is the highest degree in ethical conduct. Pessimism: Schopenhauer believes since the will has no purpose or goal that the will can never achieve satisfaction. He believes the main goal of existence is to gain satisfaction but trying to achieve it is unsustainable because it leads to frustration. For that reason he says existence of human beings can only be characterized by suffering. He believes this theory is for all animals and since humans have a higher intellectual capacity that they will suffer more in life than any other animal. He as well stated that even using reasoning will not change the amount of suffering the person experiences because reason only increases the suffering. Schopenhauer concludes that nonexistence is and should be more preferable then existence. He believes people should realize that to exist is to suffer and the goal in life for people should be to try and resist one’s desires. Application: Animal Welfare: Schopenhauer believed humans and animals are essentially equal and the same. He believed that everything is basically will and that humans and animals are the same because they can recognize characteristics and emotion in each other. Schopenhauer stated â€Å"Unlike the intellect, it [the Will] does not depend on the perfection of the organism, but is essentially the same in all animals as that which is known to us so intimately. Accordingly, the animal has all the emotions of humans, such as joy, grief, fear, anger, love, hatred, strong desire, envy, and so on. The great difference between human and animal rests solely on the intellects degrees of perfection. (On the Will in Nature, Physiology and Pathology) He believed that a good person will have compassion for animals when they are hurt because they are fellow sufferers. People who are cruel to animals are not good people because they do not have compassion.

Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison | Analysis

Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison | Analysis The main protagonist of Ralph Ellison invisible man is not the only one who remains unseen as the novel unfolds. Another element also cloaked in invisibility follows our unknown character throughout the novel, changing both beat and tempo as the novel develops. Rather like the invisible man, the ongoing musical beat that runs through out the invisible man’ may not be visible yet it is very clearly felt and heard. It is the distinct incorporation of the inflowing musical beat that allows for an interloping of ideas based upon the visible, the invisible and the creative with the novel. The main theme within the ‘invisible man’ is that of the more obvious theme of invisibility. Ellison explores through the use of music such as in the form of jazz the moments or experiences where invisibility takes control. Such breaks in visibility signify a chance for the protagonist to escape and break the mould of the what can be called ‘constitutional visibility’ allowing for the exploration of ones own identity and individuality. An individuality and identity that is not in any way restricted to what is generally accepted as visible. Such breaks that allow for such explorations to take place within the novel can be seen from the very beginning where in the prologue the protagonist recalls a certain incident: Once I saw a prize-fighter boxing a yokel. The fighter was swift and amazingly scientific. His body was one violent flow of rapid rhythmic action. He hit the yokel a hundred times while the yokel held up his arms in stunned surprise. But suddenly the yokel struck one blow . The smart money hit the canvas. The long shot got the nod. The yokel had simply stepped inside of the opponent’s sense of time. Through such a passage the reader is able to see that there is an alternative to the scientific approach. The yokel uses time and space in order to overpower the violence of science allowing creativity to achieve success. The restriction imposed by science is overcome through the ability to analyze and interpret a situation differently. In the instance it was the yokel’s ability to step into the time frame of the prize-fighter and thus provide for a different strategy towards victory. One that was able to unite creativity and originality. Rather like the same way the ‘invisible man’ uses the music of Louis Armstrong with the combination of the reefer to discover a rather unconventional way of listening to Armstrong’s music, thus in that way offering new ways of interpretation. Through the work of Victor Zuckerkandl, critic Nathaniel Mackey creates a rather interesting argument. Mackey states that ‘because music exists the tangible and visible can not be the whole of the given world. The intangible and invisible is itself a part of the world, something which we encounter, something to which we respond’ this statement can be seen running throughout the ‘invisible man’. It is visible where the protagonist describes the dream like images evoked by the Louis Armstrong’s music. These images run throughout the novel as seen at the very beginning by the incorporation of the prize-fighter and the yokel. These cuts and breaks in the narrative are essential to grounding this feeling and theme of invisibility whilst at the same time allowing Ellison to create improvisation through the use of language. Such technique is central to the very framework of the novel. The novel itself flows like a piece of music, with one incident happening right after the other. Each incident offers a break, a certain point in which the protagonist is given a certain moment in which his identity and individuality are either challenged or asserted. Even so Ellison does not rely on merely the invisible man to convey the W.Bell calls the portrayal of ‘the historical quest of black American for identity in a society whose traditions simultaneously inspire and inhibit their impulse toward freedom and self-realization’.Characters like Trueblood immerge. Although he has committed the sin of incest, trueblood does not allow his guilt to bind him. He turns towards the blues for guidance and repentance. One can even say that trueblood turns inward, looking to himself and to what defines him as an individual. W.Bell says that ‘the courage and discipline that Trueblood discovers in the blues are essential values that the hero must learn by acknowledging his folk heritage’. The character of the junkman that the hero meets later in New York is also a reinforcement of the idea of the blues as being part of the cultural heritage of the black community. The idea of jazz and the blues and the power that they were able to distribute lies in their ability to parallel the then black life. Writing in ‘Living with music’ Ellison is quoted as saying ‘life could be harsh, loud and wrong if it wished, but they lived it fully and when they expressed their attitude toward the world it was with a fluid style that reduced the chaos of living to form’ This idea is reinforced through the meeting of the invisible man with the junkman who unlike Trueblood is not ultimately dismissed by the protagonist, ‘he had me grinning despite myself. I liked his words through I didn’t know the answer. Id known the stuff from childhood, but had forgotten it; had learned it back of school.’.Where as the tainted past of Trueblood causes the invisible man to cast him aside the quizzical performance of the junkman allows for him to grasp at his own heritage. A notion reinforced through the simple act of buying a baked yam from the street vendor soon afterwards.’ I yam what I am ’. It is these grasps at heritage and the acceptance of his own peoples strive for freedom that the invisible man must realise is the essential makeup of his quest for personal individuality and freedom. For they are, part of the make-up of who he is. What must also be noted is that throughout the novel and these incidents, the invisible man seems to have a certain type of plan that each time he strives to achieve. Yet as the novel progresses the plan changes. It is transformed from the mere wish of wanting to graduate and become as highly respected by the white community as Bledsoe. To wanting to work hard and be able to return to his school, to wanting assert himself within the brotherhood. To finally whilst in his hole, wanting only to assert his own humanity. In Ralph Ellison ‘The collected essays of Ralph Ellison. Ellison argues that it was the American dream that drove all Americans, ranging from different European nationalities to come to states and establish a better way of life. Even so, this was not the case for the then African slaves. Once freed these former slaves were now forced into finding a way of life that would enable them to be able to live within this European mix even though they were distinctively non-European. This, Ellison argues, resulted into an even more complex and thorough mix, eventually resulting in to the true beginnings of the American culture. Having no past in the art of Europe, they could use its elements and their inherited sense of style to improvise forms through which they could express their own unique sense of American experience. To Ellison this clearly was parallel to Jazz as it was the one form of art that could both explain and identify the American experience. Just like jazz uses improvisation, to piece together different instruments playing their own spontaneous versions of the chords that create a song, so did the many different cultures and cultural traditions come together to piece the American tradition. This piecing of the American culture and tradition is seen throughout the novel as the protagonists comes face to face with a variety of individuals, raging from different backgrounds that have all come together to form what is termed as ‘American’. Ellison comments in his ‘Shadow and Act’ that: ‘The Blues is an impulse to keep the painful details and episodes of a brutal experience alive in ones acting consciousness, to finger its jagged edge and to transcend it, not by consolation of philosophy but by squeezing from it a near-tragic, near comic lyricism. As a form the blues is an autobiographical chronicle of personal catastrophe expressed lyrically†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ In other words what Ellison is stating is that the blues offer another medium through which the philosophy of life is brought out. A philosophy as such that revolves through and around the complexities of improvisation. The crude or white-washed walls of science are completely disregarded by Ellison for a far more natural or artistic sense of being. Where ones path is life is defined by the tragedies and experiences he or she goes through, so that we are able to emerge triumphant in the end, whilst temporarily relying on the comforts of the present. This according to Ellison is the true essence of ones freedom of identity. Albert Murray further expands on this in ‘The hero and the blues’ stating that the blues present us with a near ancient tragedy sort of existence where the hero is able to persist through life and through whatever ugliness that life presents to him through what Murray calls ‘a device for making the best of a bad situation’. Such a philosophy can be partly seen through the grandfather’s words that the protagonist hears echoing through out the novel. His, the grandfathers, was a philosophy of yes-sing them. Such a philosophy may be on the surface regarded as a show of submission by the black man to the white mans dominance. Yet to the grandfather it was a way of survival. A way of like Murray says making the best out of a bad situation. In a world where the black community was regarded as lowly and inferior to the white community it is hard to see how a full on offensive would have helped in determine equality. In fact a full on offensive by the black man towards the white man would have left the black man poor, helpless and hungry. This show of submission is part of the grandfathers departing wisdom. A wisdom that urges our protagonist to fight in a defensive rather than offensive mode as this would be the fruitful result. This would be achieved by: ‘‘Live with your head in the lions mouth, I want you to overcome ‘em with yess, undermine’em with grins, agree’em to death and destruction, let ‘em swoller you till they vomit or bust open’’ Although not completely understood by the main protagonist the grandfather had imparted a rather sphinx like riddle of an advice that although appeared to be that of subjection was actually a means of survival. By urging his grandson to say yes he in not urging him to bow down to the white man but rather assert himself. He is saying ‘yes’ knowing that he has the power to say ‘no’. His ‘yes’ is a show of dignity, a statement stating that he is agreeing as a free man, not as a slave, and that that ‘yes’ is a means of survival. The grandfather is not the only one to have picked up on this idea of having to say ‘yes’ in order to survive. Bledsoe is another character who aims to ‘yeses’’ the entire white race to death. Yet the difference between Bledsoe and the grandfather is that Bledsoe does it through complete selfishness. This is the danger that as Bernard W.Bell says Ellison is ultimately implying. à ¢â‚¬Ëœ..the danger of compulsive individualism in a laissez-faire social system based on the conflicting principles of egalitarianism and racism.’ The hero’s grandfather’s words are elusive and open to a wide scope of interpretation, yet for Ellison this was the exact embodiment of the meaning of jazz. Jazz as seen in Ellison’s essay ‘The Charlie Christian Story’ was regarded by Ellison as an art of individual assertion within and against the group. Each true jazz moment springs from a contest in which each artist challenges all the rest; each solo flight or improvisation, represents a definition of his identity: as individual, as member of the collectivity and as a link in the chain of tradition. Thus because jazz finds its very life in an endless improvisation upon traditional materials, the jazzman must lose his identity even as he finds it. Ellison last words echo the very theme of the ‘the invisible man’ and the final act of the hero within the book. For in order to become visible Ellison’s hero has had to become invisible. And although our invisible man seems to have only become invisible by the end of the novel, what is conveyed through the hero himself is that he has been in fact invisible from the very beginning. This invisibility was a direct product of the white man, invisibility evoke through the hero’s blind faith in the white mans word. Although the novels hero does as his grandfather says ‘agree’em’, he does not ‘agree’em to death’. His ‘yeses’’ are ones that do not recognise his own individuality. The individuality of a black man who knows that although by agreeing the issue may not be confronted at least it is put out there. Another character in this novel that has the ability to say yes without being submissive is Mary. You have to take care of yourself, son. Don’t let this Harlem git you. I’m in New York, but New York ain’t in me, understand what I mean? Don’t git corrupted. Mary has chosen to agree in order to survive. Yet her agreement does not stretch as far as corruption ‘I’m in New York, but New York ain’t in me, understand what I mean? Don’t git corrupted’. Mary has created an ideology which allows for her survival, whilst at the same time ensuring her own honesty by not contradicting her own morals. These are the punches the yokel was able to find in order to outwit the prize fighter. These are the parallel examples to ‘the smart money hit the canvas. The long shot got the nod’. The anonymous letter received by the protagonist later on in the novel is the first time the protagonist says ‘yes’ without being submissive. This time his ‘yes’ is accompanied by resentment and fear. Tarps actions of giving his chain link to the invisible man and his words ‘don’t think of it in terms of but two words, yes and no; but it signifies a heap more’, offer another insight into the invisible mans grandfathers words. To be able to find the true meaning behind his grandfather’s word the invisible man chooses invisibility. This invisibility although offers a cloak of protection from the worlds corruption it, is unable to provide an escape from the workings of his own mind In going underground, I whipped it all except the mind, the mind. And the mind that has conceived a plan of living must never lose sight of the chaos against which that pattern was conceived. It is through the workings of the protagonists mind that the reader is told about his experiences and life. It is also through the workings of the same mind that allow the invisible man to come to conclusion. A conclusion which causes him to realise, that although he believed himself truly free he was never free from the workings of his mind. These processes or thoughts are the forces which lead him to realise that Gin, jazz and dreams were not enough. Books were not enough.† .By the end of the novel the invisible man has come to realise his grandfather words as part of his own social responsibility. It is at this point that the role of improvisation has diminished. The invisible man has come to relish his own social responsibility. A responsibility that embodies the individual yet at the same time re establishes the value of the community. A jazz player may improvise in a solo bringing out his own identity yet he must also work together with the rest of the group to bring out the larger part of the song. It is this larger part of the song, the bigger picture that allows for the protagonist to accept his social responsibilities. A bigger picture resulting not through, merely an understanding of improvisation but rather through the simple of act of forgiveness and love. It’s ’winner take nothing’ that is the great truth of our country or of any country. Life is to be lived, not controlled; and humanity is won by continuing to play in the face of certain defeat. Our fate is to become one, and yet many.

Grisham Essay -- essays research papers

John Grisham once said of his own writing, â€Å"I write grab readers. This isn’t serious literature.† (John Grisham CLC, 189) Serious literature or not, Grisham has written nine best-selling novels, many of which were also made into very successful movies. Before starting to write professionally, Grisham was a lawyer in Southhaven, Mississippi, which has provided him with plentiful ideas for legal storylines. In many of his novels, Grisham has on ongoing link of novice lawyers who uncover and overcome flaws in the legal system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Influences during Grisham’s childhood and adult life have helped to shape his writing career. His family moved around a great deal during his childhood. Eventually, they settled in Southaven, Mississippi. (Brandstrom, 2) Grisham was an athlete in high school and decided he was going to play either professional football or baseball. After high school, he went to Northwest Junior College to play baseball. After one year, he transferred to Delta State for more baseball opportunities. While at Delta State, his grades suffered and he decided he wasn’t ment to be a baseball player. In 1975 Grisham transferred again to Mississippi State University as and accounting major. (2) While at MSU, he started writing two books, neither of which was finished. (3) In 1977, Grisham received an undergraduate degree in accounting from MSU. He then went to the University of Mississippi and received his law degree in 1981. Grisham went back to Southaven in 1982 and establi shed his first law firm. One year later, he was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives.(1) He now had he time to start a new book, which he finished in 1985. He called it Deathknell, but the publisher changed to name to A Time to Kill. The book published a mere five thousand copies during the first print. Grisham immediately went to work on his second book called The Firm. This hugely successful started Grisham on his new profession as an author. He moved to Oxford and has been writing one book per year ever since. Grisham’s courtroom skills never suffered and in 1996 he took time off from writing to return to the place where his career began, the courtroom. This was to fulfill a promise he made to the family of a railroad man killed at work. He prepared the case with the same passion as the characters he writes about and won the biggest verdict of h... ... haunt him. Brock learns that Hardy had been in and out of homeless shelters most of his life, but he had recently begun paying rent in a rundown building; that means he has legal recourse when a big money-making outfit such as Sweeny & Drake boots him with no warning. When Brock realizes that his profession caters to the morally challenged, he sets out on an aimless search through the rougher side of D.C., ending up at the 14th Street Legal Clinic. The clinic's director, a large man named Mordecai Green, woos Brock to the clinic with a $90,000 cut in pay and the chance to redeem his soul. Brock takes it--and some of the story's credibility along with it; it's hard to believe that a Yale graduate who sacrificed everything--including his marriage--to succeed in the legal profession would quickly jump at the opportunity for low-paying, charitable work.(56-90) Brock settles the dispute of the wrongly evicted squatters and thus solves a problem within the legal system. Now, it may se em as though Michael Brock is not a novice lawyer. In reality, he is not novice to law, but he is very much a novice to street law. Although this is a new twist, Grisham’s link continued in this story.

Women in the Middle Ages Essay -- essays research papers fc

The medieval woman was allowed a larger measure of freedom and status than the usual image we have of the Middle Ages. Women were allowed to own property and inherit from their family. Some women were employed and some were in charge of businesses. Among the upper class, women were as educated as their male counterparts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Europe, women were allowed to inherit property from both their fathers and their husbands. In most cases, whatever the woman brought into a marriage in the form of a dowery was hers, even if her husband divorced her. If a woman was childless or her children were to young to inherit, she would control her husband’s property after his death. This was common because of the trend of women in their teens marrying men 10-20 years older.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some women gained control of their husband’s property because they left for the crusades and the wife ran the business in the husband’s absence. Some men were gone for years and some never returned.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women had control of certain areas of commerce of their own volition. Silk spinning was almost exclusively â€Å"women’s work† Women manufactured purses and ladies hats, too. And in some parts of Europe, such as Paris, they were allowed to run brothels and taverns.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Hollister Sourcebook, there is a picture from a French manuscript depicting a woman as an artist painting a woman. The caption states women of the Middle Ages participated in the business world in a way that only men would be allowed to in later times, which included â€Å"trade, banking, the direction of business enterprises, textile manufacturing, brewing, tax collecting, money lending, illuminating and copying books,... and a variety of other activities.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women could even belong to guilds and some taught their knowledge, not only in artisan occupations, but also reading, writing and arithmetic. A woman could be as educated as her male counterpart. Women also were midwives and often served as a sort of doctor giving medical advice and dispensed medications.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The town of Sardinia provides an interesting look into the life of the medieval woman. In Sardinia, a woman could own property and retain a separate title to her own property she brought into a marriage. It was the custom of ... ...ld membership in guilds. They could conduct business and own property. Not only that but their status in the church changes in the Middle Ages to one of more acceptance and they become the subject for artistic expressions in pictures, poetry, songs and books. It was a unique period in history for women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BIBLIOGRAPHY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Erler, Mary, and Maryanne Kowaleski. â€Å"Women and Power in the Middle Ages†. The University of Georgia Press. 1988.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hollister, C. Warren. â€Å"Medieval Europe: A Short History†. The McGraw-Hill Companies. 1998.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hollister, C. Warren, Joe W. Leedom, Marc A. Meyer, David S. Spear. â€Å"Medieval Europe: A Short Sourcebook†. The McGraw-Hill Companies. 1997.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  LeGoff, Jacques. â€Å"Medieval Civilization†. Basil Blackwell Ltd. 1988.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shafar, Shulamith. â€Å"The Fourth Estate†. Methuen & Co., Ltd. 1983.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Recruitment Plan

Executive Summary The main purpose of this report is to establish guidelines for the recruitment and selection of a Restaurant hostess for the Waterfront Hotel, New Plymouth. This report is comprised of identifying job positions, job analysis, job description and selection process, so as to follow a systematic procedure during the recruitment process of the Restaurant Manager. Objectives The objective of this report is to develop a systematic recruitment plan for the Restaurant Manager. Contents The contents of this report are:- * Literature review of recruitment plan * Steps of recruitment plan * Job description Job advertisement * Recommendation * Conclusion Literature review of recruitment plan RECRUITMENT:- Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organization (EDWIN FLIPPO). It’s the process of identifying and hiring the best-qualified candidate (from within or outside of an organization) for a job vac ancy, in a most timely and cost effective manner, as the human resource is the most valuable belonging to an organization. NEED FOR RECRUITMENT:- * Fulfilling the vacancies generated due to promotion, transfer, retirement, termination, death or employee turnover. Creating new vacancies due to growth, expansion and diversification of the business activity of an organization. OBJECTIVE:- * It determines the present and future requirements of personnel of an organization * Increases the organizational effectiveness in long term and short term * Identify potential job applicants suitable for the post * Provides opportunities to procure human resource. RECRUITMENT PLAN:- is an organized written strategy that identifies the recruitment objectives for a position and contains different components like job analysis, job description, recruitment announcement and advertisement, interview plans etc.Steps of recruitment plan JOB IDENTIFICATION: Job identification collects the specific descriptio n of a position with the skills required to perform the task of the position. The job identification process initiates the recruitment process to determine when a position is needed and the position entails. After identifying the job need, the job description and requirements are written and the job is assigned for a compensation level. JOB ANALYSIS: Job analysis may be defined as a study of jobs to identify the observable work activities, tasks and responsibilities associated with a particular job.It focuses on work behaviours, tasks and outcomes. It helps to prepare job description and job specifications. JOB DESCRIPTION: Job descriptions are systematically prepared written down narrative of duties, responsibilities and the reporting structure of jobs. It also includes the authorities provided to the employees in a particular designation and what level of performances is expected from the employees. It also includes * Job simplification and job design * Job enlargement * Job enric hment RECRUITMENT METHODS: There are mainly two types of recruitment methods:- * Internal recruitment * External recruitmentInternal recruitment:- In internal method of recruitment an employee is recruited for a specific designation from the organization itself. Internal recruitment is generally done either by promoting an employee (succession planning) or by transferring a potential employee from a department to another. An organization advertises the employment to its employee by putting it in notice board, newsletters or staff magazines. While recruiting through internal recruitment, the recruiters are generally aware of the potential, strength, weaknesses, personal traits, performance, skills and knowledge of the employee.In the same way the employee is also aware of the work culture and environment, and knows his colleagues, seniors and sub-ordinates in the organisation. Internal recruitment saves a lot of money and time of the organisation. But internal recruitment also leads to de-motivation of the employees who gets rejected in the recruitment process. Different methods of internal recruitment are:- * Transfer * Job posting * Employee referral External recruitment:- In external recruitment, the employees are recruited for a specific designation from outside the organization. This helps to welcome fresh ideas in the organization.The different methods of external employment are:- * Online recruitment * Consultancies * Campus selection from educational institutions * Advertising in newspapers * Govt. Agencies like employment exchange * Walk-ins External recruitment is more time taking and costly than internal recruitment. SELECTION PROCESS: Selection is the process of picking the most suitable candidate who would meet the requirements of the job best and will be successful if hired. The basic purpose of selection is to choose the best suited individual for the job from the pool of qualified candidates. The basic steps of selection process are: Application blank * Selection tests * Selection interview * Reference checks Application blank/form:- it is one of the most common methods used to collect various information about the candidates. As:- * Personal data * Marital data * Educational and academic data * Experience * Extra-curricular activities * References and recommendations It’s a commonly used selection tool as it is a formal way of introduction between the candidate and the recruiter. It also helps the recruiter to compare among the candidates against the eligibility criteria and can screen candidates who fail to meet the eligibility criteria.Selection tests:- The selection tests or the employment test attempts to asses intelligence, abilities, aptitude of the candidates. These tests are important selection tools which enables the recruiter to select the most suitable candidate from the pool of the qualified candidates. The different selection tests are:- * Intelligence tests * Aptitude tests * Personality tests During these tests the recruiter also checks the leadership skills, Communication and soft skills, competency, computer-based skill and knowledge of the candidate. Interview:- Interview is a kind of oral examination of candidates for employment.The recruiter (interviewer) asks a set of questions to the candidate through which he/she tries to asses and evaluate the personality of the candidate, the enthusiasm and intelligence of the candidate, situation handling capability of the candidate and different subjective aspects of the candidate as facial expressions, appearance, nervousness etc. The different types of interviews are:- * Non-directive interview * Patterned interview * Structured/situational interview * Panel interview * Appraisal interview Reference check:- Once the interview is over the reference check of the candidates are done.The candidates are required to mention 2-3 references in the application forms, which may be from the individuals who are familiar with the candidateâ₠¬â„¢s academic achievements of may be from the candidate’s previous employer who is well acquainted with the candidate’s job performance. ACCEPTANCE/ HIRING DECISIONS: The final decisions are taken – whether to select or reject a candidate after soliciting the required information through the different techniques and selection tools. The recruiter has to take adequate care in taking the final decisions Job description for a Restaurant Manager: POSITION:-Restaurant Manager – Waterfront Hotel, New Plymouth. SCOPE OF THE POSITION:- * Attend to the customer’s complaints and grievances. * Provide direction, leadership and supervision to the restaurant staffs in accordance to the goals, objectives and standards set up by the organization. * Monitor departmental cost controlling to meet the budget * Ensure the staffs are properly trained and groomed, to maintain quality standards. * Ensure to attend any emergency without any delay and take the necessary s teps. * Ensure to perform with high professionalism as per the standards of the organization. Assist the F&B Manager. ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONS:- * The restaurant manager will directly report to the F&B manager. * The restaurant manager will be responsible for the day-to-day operation of the restaurant, as well as for providing guidance to the captains and the staffs of the restaurant. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES: * Overseeing the day to day operation of the restaurant. * Co-ordinating the entire operation of the restaurant during scheduled shifts. * Meeting and getting feedback from the customers. * Responding to the customer complaints. * Advising customers on menu and wine choices. Managing the staffs and providing them with feedbacks. * Analysing and planning the restaurant sales levels and profitability. * Organizing marketing activities. Such as promotional events and discount schemes. * Planning and co-ordinating menus. * Ensure the grooming of the staffs and the hygiene of th e restaurant and food-preparation area. * Check the quality of deliveries from the suppliers. * Recruiting, training and motivating staffs. * Checking stock levels and ordering supplies. * Preparing cash drawers and providing petty cash as required. * Maintaining high standards of quality control, hygiene and health and safety. Helping in any area of the restaurant when needed. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:- * Bachelor/Master’s Degree in hospitality management. * Minimum 4 years of working experience in any restaurant * Candidate should have good business/managerial skills. * Candidate should have a basic knowledge in computer and PMS. * Candidate should have an excellent communication skills, organizational and time management skills. * Prior experience in cash-handling in restaurant is required. Recommendations: I recommend that the Waterfront hotel should prefer to recruit external employee, as in that case the candidate will have a prior experience of the uties and responsibiliti es associated with the designation of restaurant manager, hence he will be well versed with the level of performance expected from him. There should be a proper panel of qualified, experienced and skilful people for the selection process of the restaurant manager. Conclusion: I would like to conclude this report by saying that by following this recruitment plan, the organization (Waterfront Hotel) will certainly be able to recruit the suitable person required for the restaurant manager position. Bibliography: